{"id":3103,"date":"2025-12-16T20:00:23","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T12:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciel.ntu.edu.tw\/?p=3103"},"modified":"2026-03-02T11:30:35","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T03:30:35","slug":"ciel-deputy-director-professor-chao-hung-chen-publishes-research-on-government-made-contractual-templates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ciel.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/ciel-deputy-director-professor-chao-hung-chen-publishes-research-on-government-made-contractual-templates\/","title":{"rendered":"CIEL Deputy Director Professor Chao-Hung Chen Publishes Research on Government-Made Contractual Templates"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>CIEL Deputy Director Professor Chao-Hung Chen has recently published his article, \u201cRegulating Consumer Contracts with Government-Made Templates: An Examination of Taiwan\u2019s Approach to Boilerplate Forms,\u201d in the Asian Journal of Comparative Law. The study examines Taiwan\u2019s practice of issuing government-issued standard contractual templates to regulate business conducts and reassesses the boundary between private autonomy and public regulatory intervention from comparative law and law-and-policy perspectives. The article explores how contractual templates function as a regulatory instrument guiding market participants toward stronger consumer protection, offering an innovative Taiwanese perspective to the global comparative law community.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39 A Top-Down Regulatory Approach: Templates as Administrative Guidance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Unlike jurisdictions where contractual templates emerge through industry associations, Taiwan adopts a top-down approach in which government agencies issue standard form contractual templates to harmonise industry practices and balance the rights and obligations between businesses and consumers. Although most templates lack formal binding legal force and operate primarily as administrative guidance, they demonstrate considerable \u201cstickiness\u201d in practice and serve as influential benchmarks for contract drafting.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39 Case Study in Payment Services: Effectiveness and Strategic Adaptation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Drawing on a comparative case study of electronic payment institutions and third-party payment service providers, the research finds that firms largely adhere to government-issued templates even when adoption is not legally mandatory. This suggests that templates function as quasi-regulatory instruments in practice. At the same time, businesses strategically adjust specific provisions within the template framework to preserve operational flexibility and align contractual terms with commercial interests.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39 From Administrative Guidance to Quasi-Regulatory Norms<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The study further observes that, while Taiwan\u2019s Consumer Protection Act expressly authorises regulators to issue mandatory and prohibitory clauses, the legal status and effects of contractual templates remain partly ambiguous. As government-issued templates become widely adopted and exert substantive regulatory influence, greater transparency and procedural legitimacy in their formulation will be essential to strengthen their normative authority in regulating unfair contract terms.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, the article traces the evolution of nearly one hundred contractual templates issued in Taiwan over the past two decades and demonstrates how governments may employ contractual design as a regulatory \u201cnudge\u201d to promote consumer-friendly market practices in the digital economy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>CIEL will continue advancing interdisciplinary research at the intersection of technology law, financial regulation, and private law, enhancing the international visibility and impact of Taiwanese legal scholarship through global academic engagement.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcd6 Full article: <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/asjcl.2025.10009\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/asjcl.2025.10009<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3101\" src=\"https:\/\/ciel.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/asian-journal-of-comparative-law-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1811\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ciel.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/asian-journal-of-comparative-law-1.jpg 1811w, https:\/\/ciel.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/asian-journal-of-comparative-law-1-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/ciel.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/asian-journal-of-comparative-law-1-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/ciel.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/asian-journal-of-comparative-law-1-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ciel.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/asian-journal-of-comparative-law-1-1087x1536.jpg 1087w, https:\/\/ciel.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/asian-journal-of-comparative-law-1-1449x2048.jpg 1449w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1811px) 100vw, 1811px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CIEL Deputy Director Professor Chao-Hung Chen has recently published his article, \u201cRegulating Consumer Contracts with Government-Made Templates: An Examination of Taiwan\u2019s Approach to Boilerplate Forms,\u201d in the Asian Journal of Comparative Law. The study examines Taiwan\u2019s practice of issuing government-issued standard contractual templates to regulate business conducts and reassesses the boundary between private autonomy and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[298,299,300,301,302],"class_list":["post-3103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en","tag-standard-form-contract","tag-asian-journal-of-comparative-law-en","tag-public-regulatory","tag-payment-services","tag-private-law"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>CIEL Deputy Director Professor Chao-Hung Chen Publishes Research on Government-Made Contractual Templates - \u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78 \u4f01\u696d\u6cd5\u5236\u5275\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ciel.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/ciel-deputy-director-professor-chao-hung-chen-publishes-research-on-government-made-contractual-templates\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CIEL Deputy Director Professor Chao-Hung Chen Publishes Research on Government-Made Contractual Templates - \u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78 \u4f01\u696d\u6cd5\u5236\u5275\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CIEL Deputy Director Professor Chao-Hung Chen has recently published his article, \u201cRegulating Consumer Contracts with Government-Made Templates: An Examination of Taiwan\u2019s Approach to Boilerplate Forms,\u201d in the Asian Journal of Comparative Law. 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